ISLAMIC LAW ISINBATH METHOD OF IMAM MAZHAB

METODE ISTIMBAT HUKUM ISLAM IMAM MADZHAB

Abstract

Many of the early scholars have reached the pinnacle in the fields of knowledge, jurisprudence, and wara'-an. Throughout the history of Islamic legal thought, we certainly know the four Imams of the fiqh school of thought, namely: Imam Abu Hanifah, Imam Malik bin Anas, Imam Syafi'i and Imam Ahmad Bin Hambal. Their schools of thought are still practiced, because their works are systematically documented and the data is accurate, quoted by their loyal followers.

The Medina school of fiqh, promoted by Malik bin Anas, whose monumental work al-Muwattha, is a book of hadith containing Islamic law, with 1700 legal hadiths. This school developed in Morocco and Andalusia, and is still spread throughout North Africa, Egypt, Sudan, Kuwait, Qatar, and Bahrain. Imam Malik, judging from his age, is the imam who ranks second after Abu Hanifah of the four series of imams in Islamic law. He was born in the city of Medina in 93 H/ 712 AD, and died on 10 Rabi'ul Awal in 179 H/ 798 AD in Medina.

The teacher who first taught him was Abdul Rahman bin Harmuz. Then he studied hadith from Imam Nafi' and Ibn Syihab al-Zuhry. His Sheikh in the field of jurisprudence was Rabiah al-Ra'yi. Imam Malik's pattern of thought or method of istidlal in establishing Islamic law is by using: al-Qur'an, Sunnah, Ijma' ahl al-Madinah, Fatwa Sahabat, Khabar Ahad, Qiyas, al-Istihsan, al-Mashlahah al-Muralah, Sadd al-Zara'i, Istishab and Syar'u Man Qablana Syar'un Lana.

Imam Syafi'i, who was also one of his students, once said: "Malik is Allah's hujjah for His creatures." Imam Bukhari said: "The most authentic isnad in the hadith is Imam Malik from Abi al-Zannad from A'raj from Abu Hurairah." According to the history quoted by Munawar Khalil, among Imam Malik's main teachers, the number was no less than 700 people. Among his many teachers, there were 300 people who were classified as tabi'in scholars