PEMBELAJARAN KITAB TA’LIM AL-MUTA’ALIM DALAM PERSPEKTIF TEORI VIGOTSKY DI PONDOK PESANTREN SIROJUTH THOLIBIIN BACEM LODOYO KABUPATEN BLITAR

Abstract

The book Ta'l?m al-Muta'allim has become a main subject in Islamic boarding school educational activities. The book Ta'lim al-Muta'allim contains etiquette for studying, which is a guideline for making it easy for someone who is studying. The social cognitive development of students is an important thing to pay attention to, because it is an area that requires very serious processing in forming morals in order to increase the potential for better memory and reasoning. Studying this book needs to be viewed from the perspective of Vigostky's theory. Learning theory that encourages the acquisition and management of knowledge through mechanisms of interacting, communicating and collaborating in a sociocultural context.

This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. The informants for this research were boarding school caregivers, ustadz and santri. The data collection techniques are through observation, interviews and documentation. Data is analyzed by reducing data, explaining data, and drawing conclusions

The results are (1) Learning the Book of Ta'lim Al-Muta'alim from the perspective of Vygotsky's theory presents an educational approach that integrates Islamic values with social cognitive psychological concepts. In the context of Vygotsky's theory, the main aspect that is integrated is the ZPD concept. ZPD identifies the gap between an individual's actual abilities and his potential if guided by someone more experienced, such as a Ustadz or fellow student. Applying this concept to mentoring learning and social interaction is considered crucial for increasing students' understanding of the contents of the book as well as the use of language. Things that have been done (a) The teacher interprets each important syllable and explains the meaning of the sentence, (b) The students work together with fellow students in groups to interpret each syllable so that the students can memorize the meaning (c) The students take turns explaining sentences in each chapter, other students provide responses, the accompanying ustadz provides reinforcement, (d) internalizes the understanding of the Ta'lim Muta'alim book by manifesting it in the form of actions. (2) The success of learning the book Ta'lim Al-Muta'alim in Vigosky's theoretical perspective is supported by Islamic boarding school cultural factors and the social interaction of students with their environment, because all intellectual development which includes meaning, memory, thoughts, perception and awareness moves from the interpersonal area to the intrapersonal area. The mechanisms underlying high-level mental work are copies of the social interactions of each individual in a particular cultural context.